The Strike Of Foodservice Workers At Unc Chapel Hill

The 1969 strike of foodservice workers at UNC Chapel Hill was a labor dispute involving lunch ladies, less than 20 women of color, working in a college cafeteria serving the large student population. This unlikely group of women and their labor dispute had a much more important effect on the larger perspective of not only work conditions and wages for women and African Americans, but the macro level of civil rights on college campuses in the south during the civil rights movement. The efforts of the women and Black Student Movement to fight for fair pay, We will also look at the impact this labor dispute had for not only the college campus but also the entire state of North Carolina and the nation at large. Not only geographically, we will also examine the effect this foodservice strike has had on the fast food industry presently and labor relations for the â€Å"Fight for 15† movement. The Lenoir Dining Hall at UNC Chapel Hill served food to some 1700 students and faculty a d ay. The lunch ladies managing the cafeteria worked through long hours, short wages and degrading work conditions. Food service was tough enough for college lunch ladies because students and faculty did not typically regard the non-faculty employees with much respect or recognition. This lack of respect or recognition was amplified by high racial tensions of the civil rights era and the reality that most non-faculty employees were African American. Not only were the work conditions underappreciated by the

Ethical Cultures in Large Business Organizations

Question: Discuss about the Ethical Cultures in Large Business Organizations. Answer: Introduction Going Global is a small but a unique consultancy firm which has its worldwide presence. The primary business of the company is developing the presence of various businesses in several international markets. The targeted market for this report is the Indian pharmaceuticals market as one of the clients of Going Global wants to expand its business in India. The Indian pharmaceutical market is recognised as the 3rd leading market in volume and 13th biggest market in value terms (India Brand Equity Foundation, 2017). In the field of providing generic drugs, India is recognised as the global market leader. There is a presence of highly budding and practised scientists and engineers who possess the great potential to make the pharmaceutical grow and develop rapidly. (Source: India Brand Equity Foundation, 2017) From the period of 2005 to the year 2016, Indian pharmaceutical industry has increased its Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) by 17.46 percent (India Brand Equity Foundation, 2017). It is expect that by the year 2020, Indian pharmaceutical industry will be among the top 3 growing markets across the world. (Source: India Brand Equity Foundation, 2017) From revenue perspectives, the supply of generic drugs is the primary revenue source for the Indian pharmaceutical industry. The global pharmaceutical market stands for an overall 20 percent of generic drugs supply by the Indian market only (India Brand Equity Foundation, 2017). Therefore, the German client of Global Consultancy wants to expand its business in India because of such highly potential growth trends. Essential requirements for successfully doing business in India There are several things which are required to be considering before entering into any international market. These includes the cultural factors which impact the negotiations at the time of entry, to have an association with the people of India and various ethical standards which are essential to be followed for performing business in India. By considering all the above mentioned factors, the company can achieve successful entry and business operations in India. Cultural factors affecting negotiations at the start-up phase (Source: Salacuse, 2004) At the time of international business negotiation, there are several cultural factors which create problems for the company as the global business is not only the cross-border deal but also the cross-cultural deal. The primary influence of the cultural factor is imposing on the way people behave, communicate and think. Following are the cultural factors in India which impact the negotiation process: Attitudes and Style The key approach to negotiation in India is to take use of contingency and distributive bargaining. In India, the people anticipate long-term commitments and agreements from the international business partners so that there can be attained long-term and continuing benefits. The Indians also look forward to win-win solutions and have a competitive approach to negotiation. And if there takes place any dispute at the time of consultation, then it is recommended that the international business partners should resolve the matter by a friendliness approach by showing a sense of willingness to compromise and respect to them. It will indicate that the opposite party has a strong commitment and will help in building a good association among both sides and will assist in achieving positive outcomes of negotiation (Katz, 2008). Sharing of information The Indian negotiators have a tendency to first collect several details and information before reaching the stage of bargaining in negotiation. Therefore, it is recommend that for building trust the German client must provide all the information and details quite openly. It is not necessary to reveal everything, but if there is hiding of info, then it is consider as outsmarting the other party. Pace of negotiation To have a successful negotiation, it is advisable that one should maintain patience and have control over the emotions. There should be no delay from the companys side so that the commitment can reflect. As well as there can be some trips, the German client must be ready for undertaking those trips for having a winning negotiation. In India, there is taken use of holistic approach at the time of negotiation which results into jumping forth or back into the topics rather than working in a sequential order. Thus, it is essential that a positive approach should be there while completing the negotiation (Boden, et al., 2012). Bargaining Bargaining is one of the essential factors in the process of negotiation as Indian people love doing bargaining. There can be seen a difference of around forty percent in the final agreement made after negotiation and in the initial offers. Therefore, it is suggested to the German client that they must have a good trade before having a final agreement so that, they can achieve high discounts at the time of negotiation. Decision Making In India, the decision making process is a deliberate and a slow process. There is rarely any delegation of the authorities, the primary and the key decisions are taken by the senior executives only. Hence it is necessary that all the communication related to the negotiation must be done with the higher authorities only, so that; there is a probability of positive results. At the time of taking decisions, the Indian individuals do not only consider the universal principles but also have significant consideration over specific situations. The individual experiences, as well as the personal feelings, have a great significance; therefore, the decisions taken by the German client must also consider these facts at the time of negotiation (Hofstede, Jonker and Verwaart, 2012). Building relationships with Indians The interpersonal affairs are of vital importance in the Indian business practices. In India collectivist culture is given high significance and as a result, people use to work well within teams and groups. To have a successful business or business partnerships in India, it is essential to develop an informal association with the Indian people other than the business relationships. In Indian business practices, there is the establishment of trust and faith by these personal associations rather than the legal agreements. Therefore, instituting robust business relationships can be difficult without developing a personal one (Singla and George, 2013). For building improved and strong relationships, there must be sharing information rated to family, friends, culture, personal interests, etc. the German client should have informal meetings with the Indian client so that there can spend a good portion of time knowing each other and establishing a real connection. It will help the company in developing a trust-based association as well as achieving long-term sustainability in the overseas market. It will also assist the business in having a good business negotiation. For having an improved communication with the Indian people, the German client must take use of any mediator who can actually communicate and pass on messages in a more understandable language. There are various barriers which develop due to the difference in language. Hence, by having an active communication channel, there will be the development of a robust corporate relationship. As well as the international executives must give an assurance to India people that there will be a long-term alliance between them (Sinkovics, Sinkovics and Yamin, 2014). Ethical standards when doing business in India There are several ethical standards which are required to be followed while doing business in India as these standards are the foundation of any fine business association. Honesty and Integrity It is necessary that all the communication and actions must be full of goodness. When individuals take sound decisions there builds a relationship of trust among them. Remaining honest and trustworthy is one of the most significant ethical standards for doing any business in India. The relations are more depend upon the foundation of trust instead of contract and agreements. It is required that all the dealing must free from selective omissions, partial truths, overstatements and misrepresentations. It is also essential that the individuals must maintain integrity while doing business in India. The activities undertaken should be morally upright so that people can develop a bond of reliance in performing companies (Cavusgil, et al., 2014). Law Abiding There are several laws, rules and regulations in India which every business organisation is required to follow and abide. Any company which does not follow these regulations is considered as ethically unsound. Therefore, it is necessary that all the laws and rules must be obeyed by the German company also for having a sustainable future in India. Accountability The ethical executives in India accept as well as acknowledge individual responsibility of the international business executives. For being ethically sound it is essential that one should be responsible so that the decisions taken can also be considered as moral and right. Not only the individual accountability, but the business executives should also be accountable for the community, their organisation as well as for their colleagues (Ardichvili, et al., 2012). Recommendations There are few recommendations for the German client who wants to establish the pharmaceutical business in India so that the company can achieve improved results and successful expansion: Before making the negotiations, the company should have an in-depth analysis and research of the Indian market so that a proper insight can be gained. The research will help the company in making better negotiations as per the market demand as well as the Indian culture. As per the Hofstede's cultural theory, the culture of a society impacts the values and behavior of the individuals, therefore, the better understanding of Indian culture and values will support the successful completion of the bargaining process. Another recommendation for the German client is that while building the association with Indian people, there should be laid more emphasis on the various cultural factors. The communications must include a high level of respect as Indians consider as a sense of dignity. Any communication without respect pose negative impact on the individuals, and it results in adverse business outcomes. As per the intercultural communication theory of Hall, it is vital to have efficient cultural communications as it will support in having friendly terms between the individuals (Thomas and Peterson, 2014). It is also recommended that there should be maintained high ethical balance and accountability as the pharmaceutical industry is one of the critical industries for working. Therefore, manufacturing or supply of any medicine and drugs must authenticate and free of any errors or misrepresentation. As a single error may result into complete defilement of the brand image of the company in the eyes of the customers. Conclusion The Indian pharmaceutical industry is one of the fastest booming industries across the world. The German client can have an efficacious expansion if an appropriate research is undertaken of the Indian culture. It is concluded that at the time of any international development it is necessary to have an understanding of the ethical considerations, cultural factor, values and principles of the host country. The deeper the understanding of these factors, the better are the results of expansion. In the negotiation phase also, if the company understands the attitudes and styles of Indian people, share information in an open manner, maintains the pace of negotiation, have an effective bargaining and takes a personal approach at the time of decision making then it will help in achieving a successful negotiation agreement. It has also been analysed that Indian culture give much importance to personal associations, therefore by having a friendly relationship, the German company can achieve a p otential business operation in India. There are several ethical standards which are obligatory to follow, and if the company works with those ethical standards, then it can achieve much greater customer support and brand recognition. Hence, from the overall analysis, it can be stated that there are potential opportunities in the pharmaceutical industry of India for the international companies to develop and achieve success. References Ardichvili, A., Jondle, D., Kowske, B., Cornachione, E., Li, J. and Thakadipuram, T., 2012.Ethical cultures in large business organizations in Brazil, Russia, India, and China.Journal of Business Ethics,105(4), pp.415-428. Boden, A., Avram, G., Bannon, L. and Wulf, V., 2012. Knowledge sharing practices and the impact of cultural factors: reflections on two case studies of offshoring in SME.Journal of software: Evolution and Process,24(2), pp.139-152. Cavusgil, S.T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J.R., Rammal, H.G. and Rose, E.L., 2014.International business.Pearson Australia. Hofstede, G.J., Jonker, C.M. and Verwaart, T., 2012.Cultural differentiation of negotiating agents.Group Decision and Negotiation,21(1), pp.79-98. India Brand Equity Foundation, 2017.Indian Pharmaceutical Industry.Accessed on: 12th March, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.ibef.org/industry/pharmaceutical-india.aspx Katz, L., 2008. Negotiating International Business India, Pp.7. Accessed on: 12th March, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.leadershipcrossroads.com/mat/cou/India.pdf Salacuse, J.W., 2004. Negotiating: The Top Ten Ways that Culture Can Affect Your Negotiation.Accessed on: 12th March, 2017. Accessed from: https://iveybusinessjournal.com/publication/negotiating-the-top-ten-ways-that-culture-can-affect-your-negotiation/ Singla, C. and George, R., 2013. Internationalization and performance: A contextual analysis of Indian firms.Journal of Business Research,66(12), pp.2500-2506. Sinkovics, N., Sinkovics, R.R. and Yamin, M., 2014. The role of social value creation in business model formulation at the bottom of the pyramidimplications for MNEs?.International Business Review,23(4), pp.692-707. Thomas, D.C. and Peterson, M.F., 2014.Cross-cultural management: Essential concepts. Sage Publications.

THE POLITICS OF MY WAY Unlike The United States, With Its Generalissim

THE POLITICS OF MY WAY Unlike the United States, with its generalissimo politics-Washington, Jackson, Grant, Eisehower- the martial arts have been conspicuously absent from Canadian politics. But there in one exception: in 1968 Pierre Elliot Trudeau became the first Canadian leader to bring the gunslinger-Lone Ranger ethos to Canadian politics. Trudeau introduced to Canada the refined art of single combat; it was the politics of "Doing It My Way"-the politics of going my way or being left behind. Single-combat confrontation implied much mor than the loner or renegade in power, and far far less than the shaman black tricks of Mackenzie King. Trudeau was always far more the solo Philosopher King engaged in intellectual trial by combat than the Magus Merlin conjuring up solutions by puffs of smoke, sleight of hand or divine intervention. Ouijaboard politics was the occult domain of Mackenzie King, a man virtually devoid of policy, a political palm reader forever checking the wh ims and moods of his powerful baronial-Ralston Howe, St. Laurent-and sometimes Byronian colleagues to see how best he could placate them, or calm them, or Heap his beatitudes upon them. Trudeau, from day one , was always more samurai than shaman. Even in his pre- leadership days, Trudeau's love of trial by combat was predominant. Mackenzie King would have never touched the unholy trinity of divorce, abortion and homosexuality: each one of these issues is a sleeping dog best left to lie; each could only infuriate conservative Canada from coast to coast. Since King dared not touch them seriatim he certainly would not have touched them together-in an omnibus bill. This, Trudeau did joyously. The myths-makers have it at this was Trudeau's first deliberated joust, the kingship being the final prize. But Trudeau had no leadership aspirations at the time; all that he had, still has, was the love of combat for the sake of combat and religious scruples be damned. Trudeau the Catholic z ealot tackle divorce, abortion and homosexuality active Prime Minister in this country's history, liberated the homosexual practitioners of black acts totally abhorrent to him; ironically, in the process, Trudeau gave irrational Canada a pretext for branding him a homosexual too. P.E.T. has always hated the consensus building of Mackenzie King; even the populist following of a Diefenbaker was an anathema to Trudeau. The single-combat warrior "doing it my way" is always alone; he leads the people but is not of them; like the prophet he wanders either in dessert or lush green pastures and often, like the prophet, he watches his people march into the Promised Land without him. For Trudeau, being alone is to be free; victory is a consequence of solitude; companionship an act of weakness, cronyism even wise. It is ironic that Trudeau, a devout Jansenist Roman Catholic, emotionally and philosophically opposed to both divorce and abortion, should grant Canadians greatly expanded divo rce rights and their first right to legale abortion. Trudeau took the unholy trinity then disturbing the bedrooms of the nation because all three were trial combat, all three required one strong man to push them through. In this minefield Canada's political loner had walked alone and apparently loved it. Canada's other solo flyer, John Diefenbaker, may or may not have been a renegade in power, but the input his holitics received from Senate cronies and Kitchen cabinets was enormous. The letters and advice that daily poured in to the chief were a populist input that Diefenbaker slavishly adhered to. Trudeau was no Diefenbaker; he was neither a populist nor a renegade. Trudeau was simply a man who brilliantly massaged and manipulated others so that his single will appeared to be the will of many, so that his will be always done. The theme of my-way politics sheds much light on the vrai Trudeau, the Trudeau that is, rather than the Trudeau people think there is. Trudeau has ne ver been the privacy-demanding recluse, the reluctant leader that herdsmen of Canadian journalism insist he is. In secular life Trudeau is no trinitarian; he has chosen his oneness because, from the earliest politics, oneness worked for him so spectacular. Trudeau's personal handling of the constriction crisis was a "my way" all the way. Trudeau, the self- proclaimed socialist

Shelf Life of Chlorine Bleach and How to Maximize It

Shelf Life of Chlorine Bleach and How to Maximize It Bleach is one of those household chemicals that loses its activity over time. It doesnt matter whether or not the bleach container has been opened or not. Temperature is the primary factor affecting how long bleach remains active. According to Cloroxâ„ ¢, the amount of hypochlorite that is added to their bleach depends on the season in which it is manufactured, because temperature affects the decomposition rate of sodium hypochlorite. So, more hypochlorite is added to bleach made in the summer than in cooler months. Clorox aims to maintain a 6% hypochlorite concentration for at least six months after the manufacturing date, assuming the bleach is stored around 70Â °F. It takes about 4-8 weeks from the time chlorine bleach is made to when it gets to a store so that you can buy it to take home. This leaves you 3-5 months where the bleach is at the effectiveness level stated on its label. Does this mean bleach is useless after 3-5 months? No, because you probably dont need 6% hypochlorite for laundry and home disinfection. The 6% hypochlorite level is an EPA disinfection standard. If you store your bleach where it can get warmer than 70Â °F, like 90Â °F, the bleach is still effective for around three months. How Long Is Bleach Good? So, when you buy a bottle of bleach, it has a shelf life. The bleach will be highly effective for around 6 months and fine for home use for around 9 months. Clorox recommends replacing any bottle of bleach that is over a year old. Another way to tell if your bleach is expired is to note its odor. Dont open the bottle and take a whiff! The human sense of smell is sensitive to bleach, so you should be able to smell it as soon as you pour it from its container. If you dont smell any bleach, its likely most of the product has decomposed into salt and water. Replace it with a fresh bottle. Maximizing the Bleach Shelf Life If you want bleach to remain as effective as possible for as long as possible, avoid storing it in extremely hot or freezing conditions. Generally, this means its better to store a bottle of bleach in a cabinet inside the house, which has a relatively stable room temperature, as opposed to a garage or outside storage shed. Bleach is sold in an opaque container. Dont switch it out for a clear container because exposure to light will degrade the chemical more quickly. Like other hazardous chemicals, make sure its kept away from children and pets. Its also a good idea to store bleach away from other household cleaners because it can react with many of them to release toxic fumes.

Capital Budgeting and Investment Analysis

As per our calculations based above we recommend the company, Equator Ltd to accept plan A. this is so because Plan a offers higher net present value than plan B (Au and Au, 1992). as already mentioned plan a is a highly automated project which involved use of more machinery and use of less physical labour. Though using automated techniques of production has its own advantages, it also carries a lot of disadvantages (Bierman and Smidt, 1975). Therefore, before accepting the plan A based on its high Net present value, the company should also consider the following points: Therefore, before acceptance of proposal A the company should consider all monetary and non-monetary factors. (Jordan, 2014) Efficient capital market refers to the market structure where the share prices of an entity reflect the latest information. This statement implies that any event or action or information which may affect the financial position of the company (Seitz and Ellison, 1999), be it directly related to it or indirectly, gets incorporated in the share price as soon as the information is received. The intrinsic value of a financial security represents a claim on cash flows of company which are expected to be earned in future. This intrinsic value is the present value of the future cash flows. Therefore, if the future cash flows are affected in any manner by any information, then it should be reflected in the price of the security, this is the whole concept of efficient capital market. (Warren, 2017) Equator Limited in the given case plans to invest ina new line of product which will require huge investments (Shapiro, 2005). If the company decides to raise capital by way of Equity shares then efficient capital markets would be highly productive and beneficial for the company. This can be understood buy the following discussion. The above analysis of the plan of the company represents high returns. If the capital markets are efficient then the investors will also read the same information and would want to invest to invest in the shares of Equator seeing its high expected return and growth. The capital markets being efficient will incorporate the same information in the share price and in turn will help increase the value of the company. (WARREN, 2017) Therefore, the capital market efficiency will help Equator Limited to raise capital since the company has a high growth and return projected. Aldridge, A. (2005). The market. 1st ed. Cambridge: Polity. Au, T. and Au, T. (1992). Engineering economics for capital investment analysis. 1st ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Bernstein, P. (2007). Capital ideas evolving. 1st ed. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons. Bierman, H. and Smidt, S. (1975). The capital budgeting decision. 1st ed. New York: Macmillan. Capital Budgeting Valuation. (2013). 1st ed. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Chernobai, A., Rachev, S. and Fabozzi, F. (2007). Operational risk. 1st ed. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Danthine, J. and Donaldson, J. (n.d.). Intermediate financial theory. 1st ed. Dayanada, D. (2002). Capital budgeting. 1st ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Fabozzi, F. (n.d.). Capital markets. 1st ed. Fleming, D. and Chamberlin, S. (n.d.). Surviving the future. 1st ed. Hitt, M., Ireland, R. and Hoskisson, R. (n.d.). Strategic management. 1st ed. Jordan, B. (2014). Fundamentals of investments. 1st ed. [S.l.]: Irwin Mcgraw-Hill. Seitz, N. and Ellison, M. (1999). Capital budgeting and long-term financing decisions. 1st ed. Fort Worth: Dryden Press/Harcourt Brace College Publishers. Shapiro, A. (2005). Capital budgeting and investment analysis. 1st ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Warren, C. (2017). Financial & managerial accounting. 1st ed. [Place of publication not identified]: Cengage Learning. WARREN, C. (2017). ACCOUNTING. 1st ed. [Place of publication not identified]: SOUTH-WESTERN.

Domestic violence against immigrant and refugee women in canada Research Proposal

Domestic violence against immigrant and refugee women in canada - Research Proposal Example Domestic violence is a broad subject and encompasses a wide variety of issues including physical abuse, sexual abuse of children and femicide. (Burns, K. 2008). In simple words, the term â€Å"Domestic Violence† is defined as the violence inflicted on an individual by someone from within their families. This research proposal for an explanatory research attempts to draw attention to the issue of rape and sexual abuse of refugee and immigrant women in Canada. The research will attempt to test the validity of relationship between sexual abuse and childhood domestic violence. (Denmark, F. 2006). Sexual abuse is defined as coerced sex or forced sex and is often accompanied by physical abuse during sexual activities. (Vine, C., & Alaggia, R. 2006) The explanatory research on sexual abuse and rape among refugee and immigrant women will help answer questions which would enable us to understand the deep rooted problem of domestic violence. We need to analyze different issues included in domestic violence and to identify the reasons which lead to violence being inflicted upon refugee and immigrant women in Canada. On the other hand, the research will open doors to issues which have not been extensively studied. One such issue is the determination of the existence of correlation between exposures to domestic violence during childhood and subjection to sexual abuse later on in life. In addition, we will also determine the rate of public satisfaction with government services provided to victims of rape and sexual abuse. Therefore, the main subject area of this explanatory research would be the identification of correlation between early exposure to domestic violence and increased vulnerability to sexual abuse and rape in future intimate relationships. The research will also address two of the most important sub areas of the issue of domestic violence which are emotional repercussions of sexual abuse and public satisfaction with the provision of government services to

12 Angry Men.A Review Movie Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

12 Angry Men.A - Movie Review Example The jury does not assume him to be innocent, as the law prescribes. Even the judge drones his boredom during jury instructions. The many ethical dilemmas, values and concepts depicted in this film include: 1. Presumed innocence, ethic or myth? 2. Personal prejudice in the jury room. 3. Personal experience in the jury room. 4. Personal agenda in the jury room. 5. Interpersonal group dynamics: bullies, opinion leaders, bigots, conformists The film explores the best and worst in human behavior in the setting of the jury room amidst a literal life and death decision. This paper explores that treatment. Presumed Innocence Ethic or Myth Eleven of the jurors voted guilty in the first polling without the benefit of an evidence review. Only juror 81 voted not guilty. The anonymity of nameless jurors reduced audience prejudice, although, juror 8 wore a white suit and juror 32 wore a black suit in keeping with Hollywood symbolism. Juror 8 stood alone in his conviction, his ethic, that before se nding a defendant to the death penalty, the jury had a duty to review the case. Several of the jurors commented they thought the defendant was guilty from early in the case, indicating an early personal deliberation without listening to the defense first. Juror 23 says he cannot put his reasons into words, just thought the defendant â€Å"guilty from the word go†. (Lumet 1957) Juror 64 says he was â€Å"convinced early† (Lumet 1957) when the prosecutor established motive. Juror 75 exclaims â€Å"no one thought about it twice† (Lumet 1957) except juror 8. Clearly, these jurors did not honor their commitment to impartiality prior to deliberations. Although the defense attorney did not aggressively cross examine witnesses, most jurors felt the defense council was competent, mostly by assumption. The assumption of competency logically lead to the conclusion that if there were a defense, it would have been presented. No defense, no rebuttal, no innocence. The defense council is never on screen, a cinematic no show. The fact that the boy was accused of killing his father, a man whose position was sympathetic to many on the jury, ironically foreshadowed the juror 8 role in this drama. (Cunningham 1986) Juror 3 said his parenting skills involved â€Å"making his son a man† (Lumet 1957) until his son punched him in the jaw during an argument. Juror 8 raised his kids through love and respect. Juror 8 saw in the defendant an innocent child that never had a chance while the others only saw his superficial guilt. The movie continued through the first act with only juror 8 assuming the defendant was not guilty. The others were too emotional or prejudiced to review the facts. The first act ends with juror 8 making a leap of faith. He challenges the others to make a secret ballot and if all 11 vote guilty, he will too. The votes are counted and a 10-1 split is discovered. The older gentleman, juror 96, decided to back up juror 8 on principle; altho ugh ten jurors did not presume innocence, the young defendant would receive thoughtful deliberation from his jury. Personal Prejudice The jurors demonstrated a varying degree of prejudice, both racial and class based. As the jurors entered the jury room, several conversations revolved around the defendant and his social status. The discussion of evidence brought to light the prejudice and backstory7 of the jurors. In a more benign comment, Juror 48 avers the defendant came from the slums and slums create criminals. â€Å"Everyone knows that† (Lumet 1957). Juror 59 disagrees with this assessment, reviewing his own history and asking for sensitivity to the youth’s plight. Juror 1010 is a more vehement bigot, spewing stereotype and cursing â€Å"